1. Classification of high-end metal materials
New metal materials can be divided into high-performance metal structural materials and metal functional materials according to their functions and application fields. High-performance metal structural materials refer to new metal materials with higher high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high ductility and other characteristics compared with traditional structural materials, mainly including titanium, magnesium, zirconium and their alloys, tantalum niobium, hard Materials, etc., as well as high-end special steel, aluminum new profiles, etc. Metal functional materials refer to materials that can assist in realizing optical, electrical, magnetic or other special functions, including magnetic materials, metal energy materials, catalytic purification materials, information materials, superconducting materials, functional ceramic materials, etc.
Compared with other materials, rare earths have excellent physical properties such as light, electricity, magnetism, and catalysis. In recent years, their applications in emerging fields have grown rapidly. Among them, permanent magnet materials are the most important part of rare earth application fields. In 2009, permanent magnet materials It accounts for 57% of the total consumption of new rare earth materials. Driven by the national emerging industry policy, new energy vehicles, wind power generation, energy-saving home appliances and other fields will drive the explosive growth of demand for rare earth permanent magnet materials NdFeB magnets.
Judging from the development trend of new materials in the world, the production of steel materials and non-ferrous metal materials has been developing in the direction of short process, high efficiency, energy saving, cleanliness, high performance and multi-function. Structural materials whose main function is to carry loads (eg trains, cars, airplanes). In recent years, automotive steel has developed from general steel to high-strength alloy steel, aluminum alloy or special high-strength Mg-based alloy. High-strength Ti alloy plays an important role in high-strength steel, and stainless steel tends to replace carbon steel. Al alloys and general steel used in military aircraft are replaced by advanced Ti alloys and polymer matrix composites. It is further necessary to develop carbon fiber reinforced composites or Al-based composites. The main body of structural materials are:
(1) Steel
Iron and steel materials, especially high-quality steel with multiphase structure and complex composition, have important application prospects and potential advantages, and corresponding basic research needs to be carried out. The nanoscale interlayer structure, texture, and grain boundaries and interfaces linking micro- and nanotechnology can all be regarded as important ways to improve steel materials.
(2) Aluminum alloy
Aluminum-based materials and the corresponding precipitation hardening effect lead to the emergence of high-strength aluminum alloys. The related technical process has been developed into "precipitation science", which involves the matching of crystal structures between "phases" and the stability of alloys, especially the stability of aging alloys. The properties directly affect aviation or space applications, so it can be regarded as an important issue in the basic research of Al alloys.
(3) Magnesium alloy
Magnesium and magnesium alloys are widely used in metallurgy, automobiles, motorcycles, aerospace, optical instruments, computers, electronics and communications, electric, pneumatic tools and medical equipment and other fields. Magnesium alloy is the lightest engineering structural material. It is known as a new type of "green engineering material" and a "green engineering material" in the 21st century for its excellent thermal conductivity, vibration reduction, recyclability, anti-electromagnetic interference and excellent shielding performance. Age Metal".
(4) Titanium alloy
Titanium alloys play an important role in the development of military or civil aviation industries. The problem of multiphase nanoscale layered microstructure is of great significance to the characteristics of high-strength Ti-based alloys, and it will become a key factor in the design of new Ti-based alloys.