To put it simply, "water treatment" is the process of removing some harmful substances that are not needed for production and life in water through physical, chemical and biological means. It is a process of water quality conditioning such as sedimentation, filtration, coagulation, flocculation, corrosion inhibition, and scale inhibition for specific purposes. This article summarizes some common unit conversions and calculations in the water treatment industry that water purifiers must know:
unit of volume
1L (liter)
=0.001 m³ (cubic meter)
=1 dm3 (cubic decimeter) =1L (liter)
=1000 cm3 (cubic centimeter) =1mL (milliliter)
pressure unit
1kgf (kilogram force) = 9.8N (cow)
1kgf/mm2=9.8Mpa
1 N (cow) = 0.22lbf (pound)
pressure unit
1MPa (MPa)
=10bar (bar)
=103KPa (kiloPascal)
=106Pa (Pa)
=145Psi (pounds per square inch)
1mmHg (1 mm mercury column) = 13.6mmH2O (13.6 mm water column) = 133.32 Pa (Pa)
1mmH2O (mm water column) = 9.8Pa (Pa)
1 atm (standard atmospheric pressure)=760mmHg=0.101Mpa
Note: Since the pressure of gases and liquids is caused by gravity, pressure is pressure.
Unit of mass
1T (ton)
=103Kg (kg)
=10-6g (grams)
=10-9μg (microgram)
unit of length
1m (meter)
=10dm (decimeter)
=100cm (centimeter)
=1000mm (mm)
=106μm (micron)
=109nm (nanometer)
1inch (inch)
=12ft (feet)
=25.4mm (mm)
unit of area
1m2 (square meter)
=100dm2 (square decimeter)
=104cm2 (square centimeter)
=106mm2 (square millimeter)
1inch2 (square inch)
=12ft2 (square feet)
=25.4mm2 (square millimeter)
Conductivity
1μs/cm (micro Siemens/cm)
=10-4s/m (Siemens/meter)
=0.1ms/m (milliSiemens/meter)
Resistivity
Resistivity = 1/conductivity
10MΩ cm (megohm cm) = 0.1μs/cm (micro Siemens/cm)
concentration unit
Concentration
1mg/L (mg/L)
=1ppm
=103ppb
=106ppt
==10-3μg/L (microgram/liter)
molar concentration
1mol/L (mol/liter)
=1000mmol/L (mmol/L)
Velocity, flow
1 gallon/minute (gpm)=0.272 cubic meters/hour (m3/h)=272 liters/hour (L/h)=4.53L/min
For downstream regeneration, the general flow rate should be controlled at 4-6m/h
hardness
1 grain/gallon (grain/gal)=17.1 mg/liter (mg/L)
1 grain/gallon (grain/gal)=0.342 milligram equivalent/liter (mgN/L)
The gram equivalent of CaCO3 is 50, that is, the mass of 1 gram equivalent of CaCO3 is 50g;
1 mg/L = 50 mg/L
(1 kilograin = 1.297 grams equivalent)
water pressure
1psi (pound/square inch)=0.07kg/cm2=0.006895 MPa (MPa)
temperature
Fahrenheit is named after its inventor Gabriel D. Fahrenheir (1681-1736), and is generally represented by F. Its freezing point is 31°F and its boiling point is 212°F.
The inventor of Celsius is Anders Celsius (1701-1744), generally expressed in C, its freezing point is 0°C, and its boiling point is 100°C.
The conversion formula of the two: C=5/9(F-32)F=9/5C 32
picture
Some data related to the softener
1) Total exchange capacity (gram equivalent) = resin volume (m3) × 1000
Estimated according to the actual performance of the resin selected
If the maximum value that can be set on the equipment controller is smaller than the actual value, set it according to the capability of the controller
2) Total cycle water production
Q(m3)=total exchange capacity(mol)÷raw water hardness(mmol/L)
Q(m3)=total exchange capacity (gram equivalent) ÷ raw water hardness (milligram equivalent/liter)
3) Periodic salt consumption (kg)
= total exchange capacity (gram equivalent) × (0.08～0.1) kg/gram equivalent
4) Salt valve salt liquid height calculation
The concentration of salt solution is 28-32%
The amount of salt solution required for periodic regeneration (m3) = (periodic salt consumption (Kg) ÷ 0.32) ÷ 1000
Salt valve height (m) = salt solution volume (m3) ÷ (3.14 × salt tank radius 2)
The amount of salt solution required for periodic regeneration (L) = (periodic salt consumption (kg) ÷ 0.32)
Salt valve height (cm) = 10 x salt solution volume (L) ÷ (3.14 x salt tank radius 2 (decimeters)